An annotated catalogue of the types of bush-crickets and crickets ( Orthoptera , Ensifera ) housed in the Zoological Museum Hamburg ( ZMH )

Types represent the ultimate taxonomic information of a species and hence represent the most important specimens in museums. The entomological collections of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (now part of the Centrum für Naturkunde) hold several thousand primary types of insects. However, despite their importance currently no type database exists and catalogues have not been updated since almost 50 years and are only available in German. Following the publication of our catalogue of Caelifera types, we here present an updated catalogue for the Ensifera types held in the collection in English language. 74 species are represented as types with 105 specimens; of these 44 are name-bearing types: 36 holotypes, 3 lectotypes, 4 syntypes and 1 neotype. The remaining specimens are para(55), paralecto(4), allo(1) and neoallotypes (1). Most of the species were described by Max Beier (18), Tevfik Karabak (13), Josef Redtenbacher (13) and the former curator of the collection Herbert Weidner (10). In his catalogues in 1966 and 1977 Weidner recorded types of 73 species present in the collection and an additional 65 as potentially lost in the war; 71 of the types recorded by Weidner were still present, whereas two could not be found (Xiphidium geniculare Redtenbacher, 1891; Xiphidium longipes Redtenbacher, 1891); one species recorded as lost by Weidner was found (Lezina acuminata Ander, 1938) and one species (neoallotype of Paradecolya inexspectata Chopard, 1957) and one additional type individual (paratype of Choeroparnops forcipatus Beier, 1949) are newly reported for the collection.


Introduction
Natural history collections are the main archives of biodiversity.They focus on collecting, maintaining and documenting natural specimens, a crucial task in times of biodiversity decline.The Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH), now part of the Center of Natural History Hamburg (CeNak), holds large collections across all animal groups.With approximately four million specimens and several thousand primary types, the entomological collection is among the most important ones in Germany.
Despite their importance, the entomological collections in Hamburg are not well documented, nor digitized.Herbert Weidner, a former curator of the collection had published an important series of papers from the 60s until the late 70s, where he documented the collections in much detail (first catalogue - Weidner (1962), last catalogue - Weidner (1979)).However, since the work of Weidner more than 40 years have passed without further documentation.Further, Weidner's catalogues were all published in German and hence difficult to access for international researchers.Therefore, we have started revising the type catalogues (Satori et al. 2016;Dey and Husemann 2018;Harms and Duperre 2018), to give an update on the type material housed in the ZMH in English language.
The Orthoptera can be grouped into the suborders of grasshoppers (Caelifera) and the crickets and bush-crickets (Ensifera).The Ensifera with more than 15 000 contemporary species are the larger of the two groups (Cigliano et al. 2018).They contain the superfamilies Tettigonioidea, Grylloidea, Gryllotalpoidea and Rhaphidophoroidea and have their diversity hotspots in the tropical regions.Thanks to the large collections of the private museum Godeffroy, the ZMH had large numbers of tropical specimens of Ensifera, including many types.While most of the Hemimetabola material was saved during WW2 in the Rochsburg in Saxony, unfortunately many of the types of Ensifera were lost as they were housed in the exhibition room during the bombing (Weidner 1966).Especially types from Josef Redtenbacher und Brunner van Watten-wyl were destroyed (Weidner 1966(Weidner , 1977)).Nevertheless, Weidner listed 72 species as present as types in the collection (Weidner 1977).
Here, we provide an updated catalogue for the Ensifera types currently housed in the ZMH.In contrast to Weidner´s catalogue, we provide two separate lists: one for the type material which is currently present (Table 1) and a second one for material which should be here, but could not be found and likely got destroyed during the war (Table 2, reproduced from Weidner 1966Weidner , 1977)).The entomological collection of the ZMH currently houses 105 type specimens of Ensifera belonging to 74 species; these include 44 name-bearing types: 36 holotypes, 3 lectotypes, 4 syntypes, and 1 neotype; the other 61 types are not name-bearing: 55 paratypes, 4 paralectotypes, 1 neoallotype, and 1 allotype.Thereof 72 species were already recorded by Weidner (1966Weidner ( , 1977)), including one as missing reported individual.The types of two species Table 1.The table shows all type specimens housed in the collection of the ZMH including the original genus and species name, the type status indicated by the abbreviations H for holotype, P for paratype, S for syntype, A for allotype, L for lectotype, PL for paralectotype, N for neotype, and NA for neoallotype.The number and sex of type specimens are shown.Moreover, the table shows information about author and year of description of the material.The collector, date of collection and collection location are provided.We also present the current nomenclature as in Cigliano et al. (2018).Additionally, the old type catalogues of Weidner (1966Weidner ( , 1977) ) were compared with the present list (Y = yes, the species was present in Weidner (1966Weidner ( , 1977)), M = missing and N = no, the material was not recorded in the old type catalogue.The Lit. column shows the reference number of the original description (* Ref.); in case of a lecto-, or paralectotype the author and year of type designation are presented (# Ref.).The references of the numbers are included below.Question marks indicate missing information of a specimen.All location data is directly transcribed from labels and not interpreted.Table 2.The table shows all type specimens that should be in the collection based on the literature and card system, but are currently missing in the collection of the ZMH; given are the original genus and species name, the type status including the abbreviations H for holotype, P for paratype, and S for syntype.The number and sex of missing type specimens are presented.Moreover, the table shows information about author and year of description of the material.Furthermore, the collector, date of collection and collection location are provided.We also present the current nomenclature as in Cigliano et al. (2018).Additionally, the old type catalogues of Weidner (1966Weidner ( , 1977) ) were compared with the present list of missing data: Y = yes, the species was present in Weidner (1966Weidner ( , 1977)), M = missing and A = absent (the material was not shown in the old type catalogue, but is in the card system).The Lit. column shows the reference number of the original description.The references of the numbers are included below.Question marks indicate missing information.
No.   as missing by Weidner was Lezina acuminata Ander, 1938; this type was recently send to us by the NHM Lund.The two newly reported species for the collection are: Paradecolya inexspectata Chopard, 1957 and an individual of Choeroparnops forcipatus Beier, 1949. Moreover, 67 species should be present as types according to catalogues and according to Cigliano et al. (2018), but could not be found (Table 2); 63 of these were already mentioned as missing by Weidner (1966Weidner ( , 1977)).It is unclear how many specimens are concerned and if these were destroyed or were on loan at this time.

Genus
In addition to the identified types the collection holds some old specimens which may be types, but require further investigation (e.g.Fig. 1, 3).Hence, the collection is not fully understood yet and future in depth investigations may identify further unlabeled type specimens.

Glossary
The definitions of types are according to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).
Name-bearing types -specimens with a name bearing function (i.e.holotype, syntype, lectotype, neotype) Holotype -a single specimen on which a new taxon is based in the original publication Allotype -a specimen of opposite sex of the holotype (no name-bearing function) Syntype -specimens of a type series that collectively constitute the name-bearing type Cotype -the term should be avoided; the specimen can be similar to a syntype or a paratype Lectotype -a specimen that was a syntype, but was designated as unique bearer of a name Neotype -a name bearing type designated for an existing taxon when no name-bearing type is extant Paratype -specimens belonging to a type species not being the holotype Paralectotype -the remaining specimens of a syntype series after the designation of a lectotype

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Label of the specimen of unknown status (Fig. 1D) described by Adolf Fritze.