Research Article |
Corresponding author: Markku J. Pellinen ( markku.j.pellinen@gmail.com ) Corresponding author: Reza Zahiri ( reza.zahiri@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Martin Husemann
© 2020 Markku J. Pellinen, Reza Zahiri, Pasi Sihvonen.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Pellinen MJ, Zahiri R, Sihvonen P (2020) A new species of Sacada Walker, 1862 from Thailand (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae). Evolutionary Systematics 4(2): 71-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.4.59893
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A new species of Sacada from northern Thailand is described: S. chaehomensis sp. nov. Pellinen & Zahiri (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Pyralinae). Morphological characters and DNA barcode data are provided for the new species, with a morphological comparison to S. dzonguensis and S. umtasorensis, and a DNA-barcode comparison to S. ragonotalis and S. albioculalis, respectively. After this addition, the current number of valid species in the genus Sacada is 43.
Species description, morphology, DNA barcoding, snout moth, integrative taxonomy
The genus Sacada Walker, 1862 (Pyralidae, Pyralinae) has recently been the target of intensive systematic studies, and as a result its taxonomy has been considerably improved (e.g.
Sacada sp., showing the typical resting posture of male, and large hair tufts on fore- and midlegs. China, Yunnan, Pu’er, 25.6.2015, photo by John Horstman/ itchydogimages, used with permission.
Only two Sacada species have been recorded from Thailand: S. decora Walker, 1862 and S. pyraliformis (Moore, 1879) (
A single Sacada specimen was collected from Lampang province, Northern Thailand in 2020 using mixed and UV-light. Comparisons with the literature, particularly
The abdomen and reproductive organs of the specimen (23.05.2020 / Thailand, Lampang/ Chae Hom 340 M / 18°43'19"N, 99°33'11"E) were prepared following standard methods (e.g.,
Total genomic DNA was extracted from one leg, using the DNeasy tissue extraction kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. We sequenced the 5' region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI5P) from the mitochondrial genome, known as DNA barcode (
Holotype ♂ (label data given verbatim, “/” indicates new line, “;” indicates new label]: Thailand Lampang/ Chae Hom 340 M/ 18°43'19"N, 99°33'11"E/ 23.5.2020/ Leg. Pellinen, Markku [white label]; MJPT0020 [green label, indicates M. J. Pellinen DNA tissue sample]; ZMH-DNA0199 [indicates Universität Hamburg DNA process number]; 0146 [pink label, indicates M. J. Pellinen photograph number]; Pasi Sihvonen,/prep. number 2828 [blue label]; http://id.luomus.fi/GBT.1; Sacada/ chaehomensis/ Pellinen & Zahiri/ HOLOTYPE [red label] (in coll. Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland).
Only holotype male is known.
Sacada chaehomensis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to S. dzonguensis Singh, Kirti & Ranjan, 2020 and S. umtasorensis Singh, Kirti & Ranjan, 2020. Diagnostic male characters of these three species are indicated on Figs
Adults of Sacada spp. with diagnostic characters indicated 2 S. dzonguensis Singh, Kirti & Ranjan (male) 3 S. umtasorensis Singh, Kirti & Ranjan (male) 4a S. chaehomensis sp. nov. (male, dorsal view) 4b S. chaehomensis sp. nov. (male, ventral view). Figs 2, 3 based on
Male genitalia of Sacada with diagnostic characters indicated 5 S. dzonguensis Singh, Kirti & Ranjan (holotype) 5a aedeagus 5b genitalia 6 S. umtasorensis Singh, Kirti & Ranjan (holotype) 6a aedeagus 6b genitalia 7 S. chaehomensis sp. nov. (holotype, slide Sihvonen 2828) 7a aedeagus with vesica everted 7b aedeagus 7c genitalia. Figs 5, 6 based on
Description is based on male, female is unknown. Wingspan 40 mm. Antennae with basal two thirds bipectinate, apical third fasciculate. Head, thorax and abdomen rufous. Tegula with iridescent scales of purplish-grey hue. Labial palps short. Base of proboscis covered densely with scales. Fore- and midleg tibia with massive hair tuft, spur formula of legs 0–2–4. Forewing narrow, reddish brown, medial, postmedial and terminal lines dry straw colored (fuscous). Medial line angled, postmedial line straight, forming triangular area on midwing. Terminal line narrow, fringes concolorous with wings. Hind wing wide, grey, weakly rufous near margin, veins darker. Terminal line fuscous, fringes concolorous with wings. Forewing underside rufous grey-brown, medially darker and inner margin pale. Hindwing underside rufous grey-brown on costa, otherwise paler. Postmedial line weakly visible on both wings. Tympanal organs large, semi-circular, fornix tympani separate but connected via narrow sclerotised ridge (in Fig.
Male genitalia. Uncus hood-shaped, curved, densely setose, with rounded lobes basolaterally. Gnathos sclerotised, arms forming narrow bands, arms fused medially forming upwards directed weakly dentate hook; basolateral parts curved inwards, lobe-shaped. Tegumen formed of two narrow plates. Valva simple, setose, pointing weakly outwards; costa straight. Transtilla large, sclerotised, plate-like, with distinct elongated, upwards directed projection medially, its apex blunt. Juxta broad, weakly constricted laterally, anterior margin even, posterior margin with two heavily sclerotised arms bearing few spikes. Vinculum narrow. Saccus elongated, apex round. Aedeagus stout and weakly undulating, caecum round, apical apodeme ventrally with small group of dentate spikes. Vesica large, simple, without distinct diverticula, basal part wider, apical part narrow and weakly curved; base covered with minute spikes, followed by minute sclerotisations, those become fewer towards vesica apex.
The species is named after its type locality, Chae Hom, in Lampang province, Thailand.
The single known male was collected in May 2020 at 340 m altitude; it was attracted to light in forest with diverse tree species, interspersed with small vegetable plantations (Fig.
Descaled male abdomen of Sacada chaehomensis sp. nov. (holotype) 8a abdomen 8b 8th tergite 8c tympanal organs (slide Sihvonen 2828).
The only specimen was collected in Lampang (Chae Hom) in northern Thailand.
A 642 bp barcode of Sacada chaehomensis sp. nov. was submitted to the identification engine on BOLD. Genetically nearest neighbors are unidentified pyralids from Malaysia, Sabah (North of Borneo) with a minimum divergence of 6.17% and another from Malaysia, North of Kuala Lumpur with 6.50%. The other pre-existing data for Sacada on BOLD were Sacada ragonotalis (6.54%) and Sacada albioculalis (8.93%), thus indicating that the unidentified pyralids may be Sacada sp. The species morphologically most similar (i.e., S. dzonguensis and S. umtasorensis) to the new taxon lacked representations on the BOLD DNA library. The tree topology generated by the BI analysis (Fig.
Figs