An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens of Lepidoptera (Insecta) housed in the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH): Part I. superfamilies Hepialoidea, Cossoidea, and Zygaenoidea

Reza Zahiri; Gerhard Tarmann; Konstantin A. Efetov; Hossein Rajaei; Maryam Fatahi; Matthias Seidel; Birgit Jaenicke; Thure Dalsgaard; Marcy Sikora; Martin Husemann

doi:10.3897/evolsyst.5.62003

Research Article

An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens of Lepidoptera (Insecta) housed in the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH): Part I. superfamilies Hepialoidea, Cossoidea, and Zygaenoidea

Reza Zahiri^‡§, Gerhard Tarmann^|, Konstantin A. Efetov^¶, Hossein Rajaei^#, Maryam Fatahi^‡, Matthias Seidel^‡, Birgit Jaenicke^‡¤, Thure Dalsgaard^‡, Marcy Sikora^‡, Martin Husemann^‡

‡ University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

§ Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada

| Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum der Tiroler Landesmuseen, Hall, Austria

¶ V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia

# State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

¤ Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany

Corresponding author: Reza Zahiri ( reza.zahiri@gmail.com )

Academic editor: Danilo Harms

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Zahiri R, Tarmann G, Efetov KA, Rajaei H, Fatahi M, Seidel M, Jaenicke B, Dalsgaard T, Sikora M, Husemann M (2021) An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens of Lepidoptera (Insecta) housed in the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH): Part I. superfamilies Hepialoidea, Cossoidea, and Zygaenoidea. Evolutionary Systematics 5(1): 39-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.62003

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DEAAFC26-3BF6-4BAE-9477-135FC015082A

Abstract

Zoological collections remain the main archive of animal biodiversity on Earth, and especially in times of large-scale declines of many groups represent important resources for biodiversity and conservation research. The most important individuals of these collections are the type specimens, which represent the original and unique reference for a species. While a full digitization of most museum collections currently remains utopic, lists of types are an essential resource for researchers to perform taxonomic revisions. Here, we provide an updated type catalogue of the lepidopteran superfamilies Hepialoidea, Cossoidea and Zygaenoidea deposited in the Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH). In this paper, we report 259 specimens labelled as “types” belonging to 36 infrasubspecific taxa (invalid under the ICZN codes), 34 subspecies (16 of valid status) and 13 species (all of valid status). We present a full bibliography of the original descriptions and illustrations for all taxa, aiming to provide a comprehensive taxonomic guide to this collection.

Key Words

Biodiversity, CeNak, Herbert Weidner, ZMH, digitization, Georg Warnecke, Hanan Bytinski-Salz

Introduction

Natural history collections are the main archives of biodiversity. They focus on collecting, maintaining and documenting natural specimens, a crucial task in times of biodiversity decline. The Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH) holds large collections across all animal groups. With approximately five million specimens and several thousand primary types, the entomological collection is among the most important natural history archives in Germany.

The origins of the current collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH) can be traced back to the first half of the 19^th century, as a result from the initiative and interest in natural history of local civilians, merchandisers, traders, and owners of seagoing vessels (Glaubrecht 2018). However, much of the collections of holometabolous insects were destroyed by the incendiary bombing of Hamburg in 1943 (Weidner 1979). Thus, as all documents such as entry books, counting lists and card catalogs were lost and the former magnitude of the collection remains difficult to describe. However, much of the earlier new entries after WW2 are described in Weidner (1974), with the largest and most important collections which have been obtained being those of Georg Warnecke (1943 and 1963), Richard Jänig (1949), Fritz Diehl (1950–1972), Hermann Rödinger (1952), the Jungius Gesellschaft (1956), Hanan Bytinski-Salz (1960), Eduard Feldtmann (1960), Günter Albers (1972), the Altona Museum (1965, 1973, 1976), and Mathilde Linz (1974). More recently the largest newly obtained collections were those of Hans-Jürgen Kelm (2003), Walter Baltruweit (2013), Jörg Roloff (2014), Thomas Tischler (2017), Bernd Heinze (2020), and Karl-Heinz Müller-Köllges (2020). Besides these large collections, many medium and small collections were obtained by the museum. Hence, despite the considerable loss in WW2, presently the ZMH hosts ca. 5 million insect specimens, being placed among the five largest entomological collections in Germany. About 1 million specimens represent the Lepidoptera. However, despite their importance, the entomological collections in Hamburg are not well documented, nor digitized.

Herbert Weidner, a former curator of the collection had published an important series of papers from the 60s until the late 70s, where he documented the collections in much detail (first catalogue – Weidner 1962, last catalogue – Weidner 1979, and the Lepidoptera catalogue Weidner 1974). However, since the work of Weidner more than 40 years have passed without further documentation. Further, Weidner’s catalogues were all published in German, hence, are difficult to access for international researchers and lack family group classification, making it difficult to work with them. Therefore, a comprehensive effort to revise the type catalogues has been initiated to give an update on the type material housed in the ZMH in English language (Sartori et al. 2016; Dey and Husemann 2018a, b, Harms and Dupérré 2018; Monod et al. 2019; Henningsen et al. 2020; Simoes et al. in press).

To make the Lepidoptera collection more accessible to researchers, we performed a detailed inventory initiated by Hossein Rajaei in 2013. As a part of this inventory, the whole collection was thoroughly searched and types were moved to a separate, specially protected type collection. All type specimens were compared with the original descriptions, photographed, databased and relabeled, if required. The original high-quality photographs are available online through the FUNDus! Portal of the University of Hamburg (https://www.fundus.uni-hamburg.de/). The complete data of the type material is provided as a table (Suppl. material 1: Table S1) in this catalogue.

Material and methods

Photography. All images were taken with a digital imaging system with stacking capabilities. The images where either taken with a Canon EOS 5DSR with a 65 mm or 100 mm lens and stacked with Zerene Stacker (PMax algorithm) or with a Canon EOS 6D with a 55 mm or 65 mm lens and stacked with Helicon Focus 5.3.

Taxonomy. All taxonomic changes were made after studying the relevant original description of the type material. Synonyms that have already been proposed are listed and the type material was examined. Classification used herein follows van Nieukerken et al. (2011). The taxonomy of the family Zygaenidae is following the last revisions of the family (Hofmann and Tremewan 1996; Efetov 2001; Efetov and Tarmann 1995, 2017). For a full list of synonyms, please refer to the above-mentioned catalogues.

Type and original specimen material. Type and original specimen localities are cited in their original spelling or with additional remarks (in square brackets), if required. All data are transcribed verbatim as they appeared on the respective labels. For unreadable data aquestion mark (?) is used. Double slash (//) separates data on different labels, a single slash (/) separates lines within each label, and semi-colon (;) separates different specimens. Additional comments are placed in square brackets.

The ICZN (1999) terminologies (e.g., holotype, syntype, lectotype, neotype, paratype, paralectotype, allotype, cotype and etc.) are available at the ICZN website (http://iczn.org/content/Glossary) and articles cited in the text can be found below:

Infrasubspecific taxon – a taxon at lower rank than that of subspecies. The names of such taxa are not regulated by the Code.

Article 45.6.1. – A name is infrasubspecific if its author expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, or if the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the name was proposed for an infrasubspecific entity;

Article 45.6.2. – A name is deemed to be infrasubspecific if its author used one of the terms “aberration”, “ab.” or “morph”.

Article 45.6.3. – A name is deemed to be infrasubspecific if it was first published after 1960 and the author expressly used one of the terms “variety” or “form” (including use of the terms “var.”, “forma”, “v.” and “f.”);

Article 45.6.4. – A name is subspecific if first published before 1961 and its author expressly used one of the terms “variety” or “form” (including use of the terms “var.”, “forma”, “v.” and “f.”), unless its author also expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, or the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the name was proposed for an infrasubspecific entity, in which case it is infrasubspecific;

Article 72.7. – Name-bearing types of nominal species-group taxa denoted by new replacement names (nomina nova). If an author proposes a new species-group name expressly as a replacement (a nomen novum) for an earlier available one, then the two names are objective synonyms; both the nominal taxa they denote have the same name-bearing type despite any simultaneous restriction or application of the new replacement name (nomen novum) to particular specimens or any contrary designation of type, or any different taxonomic usage of the new replacement name.

Type specimens deposited at the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH)

Superfamily Hepialoidea Stephens, 1829

Hepialoidea (the ghost moths and their relatives), with 629 described species worldwide, is the earliest diverging lepidopteran clade to exhibit any significant degree of species diversity today (Nielsen et al. 2000). The family Hepialidae is the most diverse group among other five families within the superfamily and comprises 606 species in 62 genera. In contrast to the remainder of the pre-Ditrysian Lepidoptera, many of the species are large and spectacular moths (Nielsen et al. 2000).

8. Phymatopus hecta ab. ornata (Bytinski-Salz, 1939)

Hepialus hecta ab. ornata Bytinski-Salz, 1939: Ent. Rec. 51: 85.

Original material examined

Labelled as “Holotype” (ZMH 61357), 1♂ (Fig. 8). Thundersley, SX (Essex, Britain), 04.vii.1911, leg. A.T. Stiff. “Hepialus / hecta / ab. ornata / ByS / Holotypus m // A.T. Stiff, / Thundersley, SX. / July 4 1911. // Coll. Bytinski-Salz / Eing. Nr. 20–60 // ab. ornata / ByS. // ZMH 61357”.

Original locality

Thundersley [Essex, Britain].

Current status

Infrasubspecific and hence unavailable name.

Remarks

Bytinski-Salz (1939) proposed this name as an aberration of a H. hecta, therefore it is deemed to be infrasubspecific, which is hence unavailable (Article 45.6.2, ICZN 1999).

9. Korscheltellus lupulina ab. latemarginatus (Bytinski-Salz, 1939)

Hepialus lupulinus ab. latemarginatus Bytinski-Salz, 1939: Ent. Rec. 51: 84.

Original material examined

Labelled as “Cotype” (ZMH 61360−60361), 2♂♂. London Dist. And Wicken, leg. A.J. Hodges (Fig. 9). “London Dist. // ab. latemarginatus / ByS // ZMH 61360 // Coll. Bytinski-Salz / Eing. Nr. 20, 1960 // Hepialus / lupulina / ab. latemar- / ginatus ByS / Cotypus m”; “A.J.Hodges / Wicken // Hepialus / lupulina / ab. latemar- / ginatus / ByS / Cotypus m // Coll. Bytinski-Salz / Eing. Nr. 20–60 // ZMH 61361”.

Figures 1–9.

1. Phymatopus hecta ab. inversa (Bytinski-Salz, 1939); 2. Phymatopus hecta ab. confluens (Bytinski-Salz, 1939); 3. Pharmacis fusconebulosus ab. latefasciatus (Bytinski-Salz, 1939); 4. Pharmacis fusconebulosus ab. ornatus (Bytinski-Salz, 1939); 5. Hepialus humuli ab. roseoornata (Bytinski-Salz, 1939); 6. Hepialus humuli thulensis f. uniformis (Bytinski-Salz, 1939); 7. Hepialus humuli thulensis f. albida (Bytinski-Salz, 1939); 8. Phymatopus hecta ab. ornata (Bytinski-Salz, 1939); 9. Korscheltellus lupulina ab. latemarginatus (Bytinski-Salz, 1939).

Original localities

London district and Wicken [Britain].

Current status

Infrasubspecific and hence unavailable name.

Remarks

Bytinski-Salz (1939) proposed this name as an aberration of a H. lupulinus, therefore it is deemed to be infrasubspecific, which is hence unavailable (Article 45.6.2, ICZN 1999).

Superfamily Cossoidea Leach, 1815

The superfamily Cossoidea currently contains seven families (i.e., Brachodidae, Cossidae, Dudgeoneidae, Metarbelidae, Ratardidae, Castniidae, and Sesiidae) (van Nieukerken et al. 2011) with type representatives from the families Cossidae, Brachodidae, Metarbelidae, and Sesiidae in ZMH collection. They are generally concealed feeders and have spiny pupae with moveable segments to allow them to extrude out of their exit holes in stems and trunks during emergence of the adult (Edwards et al. 1999). The clearwing moths (Sesiidae) represent the largest radiation within the superfamily with about 1,400 valid species distributed in 154 genera (van Nieukerken et al. 2011). The carpenter moths (Cossidae) is the second largest group with about 1000 described species in 151 genera (Yakovlev 2011). The family Metarbelidae with more than 240 described species in 32 genera have their highest diversity in the Afrotropics (Lehmann 2019; Yakovlev and Zolotuhin 2020). However, the family is among the least known of Lepidoptera due their extreme rarity and rather cryptic appearance (Lehmann 2019).

Family Cossidae Leach, 1815

10. Dyspessa hethitica Daniel, 1932

Dyspessa hethitica Daniel, 1932: Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges 22: 16.

Type material examined

Syntype (ZMH 61343), 1♂ (Fig. 10). “CO-TYPE VON / DYSP/ HETHITICA DAN / F. DANIEL / MÜNCHEN // TAURUS / MARASCH / 6-900M a.-m.VII.31. / EINH SAMMLER LEG / F.DANIEL / MÜNCHEN // hethitica / Dan. // Coll. Bytinski-Salz / Eing. Nr. 20, 1960 // ZMH 61343”.

Type locality

Taurus, Marasch [Turkey]

Current status

Valid species.

Remarks

Based on Daniel’s study (Daniel 1932), he labelled all specimens (1♂ and 5♀) of the type series as cotypes; therefore all specimens are syntypes. Holotype (by original designation) in Museum Witt München, MWM (Yakovlev 2011). ZMH used to hold two syntypes of D. hethitica (Weidner 1974); however, the female specimen could not be located any more.

11. Paropta frater (Warnecke, 1929)

Cossus frater Warnecke, 1929: Int Ent Z 23: 389.

Type material examined

Paratlectoype (ZMH 61344), 1♂ Südwest Arabien, Yemen, Sanäa, 2.viii.1931 (Fig. 11). “Paratypoid / SüdWest-Arabien / Yemen Samaa- / ? .Rathjens 2.8.31 // Cossus frater Warn. // Sig.G Warnecke / Eing Nr 5 1949 // ZMH 61344”.

Type locality

Arabien, Yemen, Sanäa.

Current status

Valid species.

Remarks

It was assumed that the syntypes were destroyed during the Allied bombing of Hamburg during World War II. However, as Warnecke reported to Daniel, two syntypes at the ZMH were lost in 1943, but one of them had been stored in Saxony and thus survived the bombings (Weidner 1974). Other type material (syntypes) is in the British Museum of Natural History (Yakovlev 2011; Yakovlev and Witt 2017).

Family Brachodidae Agenjo, 1966

12. Brachodes staudingeri Kallies, 1998

Brachodes staudingeri Kallies, 1998: Nota Lepidopterol. 21: 178.

Type material examined

Paratype (ZMH 61342), 1♂ (Fig. 12). “Asia centr. Kirgisia / 42’05,30N 75’06,96E / area W of Issyk Kul / Kys-Art Pass 2600m / 15. VII.1994 / Leg. A. Kallies // PARATYPUS / Brachodes / staudingeri sp. nov. / KALLIES, des. 1998 // ZMH 61342“.

Type locality

West of Issyk Kul Kys-Art Pass, Kirgizstan.

Current status

Valid species.

Remarks

Holotypus ♂, Kirgizstan, 42°05,30'N, 75°06,96'E, W of Issyk Kul, Kys-Art Pass, 2600 m, 15.vii.1994, leg. Kallies, Špatenka & Petersen (MfN – Museum für Naturkunde. Zentralinstitut der Humboldt-Universität. Berlin. Deutschland) (Kallies 1998).

Paratype (ZMH 828143), 1♂ (Fig. 17). “Paratypus / Chamaesphecia minoica / m / D. BARTSCH & / F. PÜHRINGER, DES. 2005 // Graecia, Kreta, 10–40 m / Marathi (Halbinsel Akrotiri) / 24,16°E / 35,51°N / 9.6.2000 // Pühringer & Pöll leg., Ph // Chamaesphecia / alysoniformis / (HERRICH-SCHÄFFER, 1846) / Pühringer det. 2000 // ZMH 828143”.

Type locality

Kreta, Graecia (Greece).

Current status

Valid species.

Family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909

18 . Arbelodes claudiae Lehmann, 2010

Arbelodes claudiae Lehmann, 2010: 27–31.

Type material examined

Paratype (ZMH 835537), 1♀ (Fig. 18). “Arbelodes claudiae / I. Lehmann, 2010 / Paratype female, / North Malawi, Juniperus-Forest / 08.–11.October.2003 / R. J. Murphy leg. / Gen. slide number: / 19/03/2010 I. Lehmann // Def No 1193 / JUNIPER FOREST / NYIKA NAT PK N MALAWI / 2215m 1045S 3354E / 8–11 OCT 2003 R. J. Murphy // ZMH 835537”.

Type locality

Mzuzu, Nkhorongo, 1375 m., North Malawi.

Current status

Valid species.

Figures 10–18.

10. Dyspessa hethitica Daniel, 1932; 11. Paropta frater (Warnecke, 1929); 12. Brachodes staudingeri Kallies, 1998; 13. Pyropteron chrysidiforme siculum f. fervens Bytinski-Salz, 1937; 14. Similipepsis osuni Bakowski & Kallies, 2008; 15. Sesia bembeciformis ab. incognita Strand, 1927; 16. Bembecia abromeiti Kallies & Riefenstahl, 2000; 17. Chamaesphecia (Scopulosphecia) minoica Bartssch & Puhringer, 2005; 18. Arbelodes claudiae Lehmann, 2010.

Superfamily Zygaenoidea Latreille, 1809

Remarks

Bytinski-Salz (1936) proposed this name as a ‘race’ of Z. corycia Staudinger, 1871. Therefore, as stated by Article 45.6.1 (“the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the name was proposed for an infrasubspecific entity”) it is deemed to be infrasubspecific name, which is hence unavailable. Zygaena corycia was downgraded to a subspecies of Z. (Mesembrynus) brizae (Esper, 1800) (Hofmann and Tremewan 1996).

Remarks

Holik (1935) proposed this name as a variation of Z. exulans (Hohenwarth, 1792) from Arctic Russia (Murmansk area). According to Article 45.6.4., it is subspecific if first published before 1961 and author expressly used the terms “variety”. This ‘variation’ was a group of populations with a defined range and was therefore treated as a subspecies by Reiss and Tremewan (1967). Later, Hofmann and Tremewan (1996) synonymised it with Z. exulans vanadis Dalman, 1816. ‘variatio’, in 1935 this term was often used in the current sense of subspecies.

Original locality

‘Sierren um Albarracin’ [Spain: Teruel, Sierra de Albarracin]

Current status

Infrasubspecific and hence unavailable name.

Remarks

42. Zygaena (Agrumenia) hilaris lucifera ab. gelpkei Reiss, 1936

Zygaena hilaris ssp. lucifera ab. gelpkei Reiss, 1936: Entomologische Rundschau 54: 73.

Original material examined

Labelled as “Cotype” 1♀ (ZMH 61471) (Fig. 42). “Sierra Alta de / Albarracin 1700 m / 5–25.7.35. / coll. Herbert Noack. // Type // Type f / lucifera Reiß / ab. gelpkei / Reiß / 1936 H.Reiss // ZMH 61471”.

Original locality

No type-locality mentioned in original description. This type comes from Sierra Alta de Albarracin.

Current status

Infrasubspecific and hence unavailable name.

Remarks

Reiss (1936) proposed this name as an aberration of Z. hilaris lucifera Reiss, 1936. Therefore, as stated by Articles 45.6.1 and 45.6.2 (ICZN 1999) it is deemed to be infrasubspecific name – if author used “aberration”, “ab.”, “morph”, or the author expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank – which is hence unavailable.

43. Zygaena (Agrumenia) hilaris lucifera ab. exarcuata Reiss, 1936

Zygaena (Agrumenia) hilaris lucifera ab. exarcuata Reiss, 1936: Entomologische Rundschau 54: 73.

Original material examined

Labelled as “Cotype” 1♂ (ZMH 61472) (Fig. 43). “Sierra Alta de / Albarracin 1700 m / 5–25.7.35. / coll. Herbert Noack. // Type // Type m / lucifera Reiß / ab. exarcua – / ta / Reiß / 1936 H.Reiss // ZMH 61472”.

Original locality

No type locality given for this taxon. This type comes from Sierra Alta de Albarracin.

Current status

Infrasubspecific and hence unavailable name.

Nus.nus bei Ordubad‘ [Azerbaijan: Nakhichevan, near Orduba, Nyusnyus (Nus-nus)] (Hofmann and Tremewan 1996).

Current status

Valid species.

Remarks

Zygaena araxis is a valid species. According to Hofmann and Tremewan (2020) its taxonomic status has a confusing history. It was raised to species level by Görgner and Hofmann (1982), but subsequently placed as a subspecies to Z. rubricollis Hampson, 1900 by Hofmann and Tremewan (1996). Finally, it was reinstated as a valid species by Keil (2003).

A junor synonym to Z. transalpina rupicola Rocci, 1936. Rocci’s work was pulished in May 1936, whereas the paper of Reiss (1936) in November 1936 (Hofmann and Tremewan 1996).

This taxon cannot be found in the literature.

Figures 67–74.

67. Zygaena (Agrumenia) sogdiana altissima Burgeff, 1914; 68. Zygaena (Agrumenia) rosinae Korb, 1903; 69. Zygaena (Zygaena) transalpina sorrentina v. aureomaculata Stauder, 1921; 70. Zygaena exulans v. amarensis Diehl; 71. Zygaena (Zygaena) transalpina nigraltudinaria ab. flava Rocci, 1937; 72. Zygaena (Zygaena) transalpina sorrentina v. eranesceus Sicher, 1906; 73. Zygaena (Zygaena) transalpina litorea v. flava Stauder; 74. Zygaena (Mesembrynus) purpuralis v. asupinensis Byt.-S.

Subfamily Chalcosiinae Walker, 1865

75. Aglaope labasi meridionalis Zerny, 1934

Aglaope labasi meridionalis Zerny, 1934: Z. Öst. Ent. Ver. 19: 29

Type material examined

Paratype 1♂ (ZMH 61474) (Fig. 75). “H. Atlas Maroc. / Tachdirt 2300– / 2700 m 3.–25.VII.33 / Schwingenschuss // Aglaope / labasi / ssp. meridio- / nalis Zerny / PARATYPE // ssp. meridionalis / Zerny // Coll. Bytinski-Salz / Eing. Nr. 20, 1960 // ZMH 61474”.

Type localitiy

‘Auf dem Wege nach Tachdirt zum Tiz’n Tachdirt’ [Morocco: Haut-Atlas, Djebel Toubkal region, between Tacheddirt and Tizi-n-Tacheddirt, 2700–2800 m].

Current status

Valid subspecies.

‘Sabiner Berge, c. 500 m’ [Italy: Latio, Rieti, Monte Sabini].

Current status

Infrasubspecific and hence unavailable name.

Remarks

Dannehl (1933) proposed this name as an aberration of Theresimima ampellophaga Bayle-Barelle, 1808. Therefore, it is deemed to be infrasubspecific, it is hence unavailable (Article 45.6.2, ICZN 1999).

Figures 75–83.

75. Aglaope labasi meridionalis Zerny, 1934; 76. Adscita alpina (Alberti, 1937); 77. Adscita statices drenowskii (Alberti, 1939); 78. Jordanita graeca persica (Alberti, 1938); 79. Adscita geryon orientalis (Alberti, 1938); 80. Jordanita (Jordanita) globulariae bosniaca (Alberti, 1937); 81. Procris mauretanica Naufock, 1932; 82. Procris statices extensa Alberti, 1937; 83. Theresimima ampellophaga ab. astrapta Dannehl, 1933.

Discussion

More than 2,000 type specimens of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are deposited in the Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH). In this catalogue, we have listed 259 “type” specimens: 13 valid species names, 34 subspecies (16 valid and 18 invalid names), and 36 invalid infrasubspecific rank under the ICZN code. Of these 259 specimens, 81 are primary types, 92 are secondary types, and 86 are considered invalid infrasubspecific rank (Suppl. material 1: Table S1).

Comparison of the first part of our updated catalogue to the type catalogue of Weidner (1974) reveals 32 new additions to the families Sesiidae, Brachodidae, Metarbelidae, and Zygaenidae (Suppl. material 1: Table S1). New additions to the type collection since the Weidner catalogue (1974) do not necessarily reflect “new type additions” – except for the five taxa donated by Kallies and Bartsch (Sesiidae and Brachodidae), and Lehmann (Metarbelidae) to the ZMH collection– they were found among the exisiting type material and were either mididentified or misplaced under the incorrect type labels. Details of the changes and updates including the new types, changes to the type status, and changes to the specimen counts since the last catalogue of Weidner (1974) were summarized in Suppl. material 1: Table S1.

The collection of Dr. Hanan Bytinski-Salz was the largest collection containing the most “type specimens” mainly from Hugo Reiss (89 specimens), Burchard Alberti (59 specimens) and Hanan Bytinski-Salz (35 specimens). None of the specimens from the latter author represents a valid name. The oldest type specimen was from the collection of Bytinski-Salz described by Korb in 1903 (Zygaena rosinae Korb, 1903).

Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the CeNak “Digitalisierung der CeNak-Sammlungen”. We also like to thank HASPA Lotterie Sparen for funding boxes and the City of Hamburg for further funding via Bussgeldfonds. We thank Dr. Henrik Kusche (Leitung Sammlungsmanagement/Digitalisierung) and the Gesellschaft der Freunde und Förderer des Zoologischen Museums Hamburg for providing financial support to the collections. For help with the search of rare literature we thank Mag. Harald Bruckner and Dr. Sabine Gaal (both Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria), Mag. Ursula Grimm (Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria) and Prof. Dr Predrag Jakšić (Belgrade, Serbia). We are extremely grateful to Axel Hofmann (ABL – Arten Biotope Landschaft – Bürogemeinschaft für Landschaftsökologie, Freiburg, Germany) for his constructive and fruitful comments with the difficult taxa (unpublished and unavailable names). The authors also acknowledge the members of the other Zoological Collections at the CeNak for their patience during our intensive photography sessions. Comments by Alberto Zilli, Wolfgang Naesig, Roman Yakovlev, and Karen McLachlan Hamilton substantially improved the manuscript.

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Supplementary material

Supplementary material 1

List of the type specimens of Lepidoptera illustrated in catalogue I: superfamilies Hepialoidea, Cossoidea, and Zygaenoidea

Reza Zahiri, Gerhard Tarmann, Konstantin A. Efetov, Hossein Rajaei, Maryam Fatahi, Matthias Seidel, Birgit Jaenicke, Thure Dalsgaard, Marcy Sikora, Martin Husemann

Data type: Type specimens deposited in ZMH listed in catalogue I: superfamilies Hepialoidea, Cossoidea, and Zygaenoidea.

This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.

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