On three new species of jumping spiders of the genera Habrocestum Simon, 1876, Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 and Tamigalesus Żabka, 1988 (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka

Three new species of litter-dwelling jumping spiders, Habrocestum liptoni sp. nov., Stenaelurillus ilesai sp. nov., and Tamigalesus fabus sp. nov. are described from Sri Lanka. In addition, T. munnaricus is redescribed based on the new material from Sri Lanka.


Introduction
This paper describes three new litter dwelling salticids of the genera Habrocestum Simon 1876, Stenaelurillus Simon 1886 and the endemic genus, Tamigalesus Żabka, 1988. Habrocestum was first recorded in Sri Lanka in 2016 . Three endemic species of this genus are currently known from Sri Lanka (World Spider Catalog 2019). Here, we describe a fourth. The genus Stenaelurillus was previously represented by two species: S. belihuloya Logunov & Azarkina, 2018and S. lesserti Reimoser, 1934(World Spider Catalog 2019. However, until now the presence of the later species in Sri Lanka was taken at face value. Here, we described the material from Sri Lanka as a new species and provide a deferential diagnosis to separate it from S. lesserti. Tamigalesus Żabka, 1988 was previously monotypic. It was described based on three specimens found in the E. Simon collection in Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The occurrence in Sri Lanka of T. munnaricus Żabka, 1988 was doubted as the specimens were found in a vial of several other specimens of at least one other species (Żabka 1988). Here, we redescribe the type species, describe a new species and provide new data on their distribution based on material collected in Sri Lanka.

Material and methods
Methodology and taxonomic descriptions are based on the format of Benjamin and Kanesharatnam (2016), Kanesharatnam and Benjamin (2016). Sampling was primarily done by sifting litter and keeping the residue overnight in a Winkler extractor. Alternatively, a heap of dead leaves was scooped from the forest floor and spread on a white sheet. Spiders were then collected either by hand or an aspirator. The collected specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and examined using an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope (World Spider Catalog 2019). Female genitalia were excised and digested with Sigma Pancreatin LP 1750 enzyme complex, in a solution of sodium borate (Dingerkus and Uhler 1977). Male palps and female epigynes were cleared and mounted with methyl salicyclate for further examination. Illustrations of male palps, epigynes and vulvae were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Either a Nikon D80 or a D7000 camera with a macro lens was used to take photographs of live spiders. Photographs of palps, epigynes and intact spiders were taken with a Leica MC170 HD camera mounted on a Leica M205C stereomicroscope using the Leica Application Suite software (Leica Microsystems Limited, Germany) and merged with Helicon Focus image stacking software (version 6, Helicon soft Ltd). Images were then edited with Adobe Photoshop CC and assembled using Adobe Illustrator CS6. All measurements are in millimeters. All specimens unless otherwise stated are deposited in National Museum of Sri Lanka.  (Wunderlich 2008). Epigynum with vaginal roof (epigynal pocket) with shallow or deep notch at posterior edge (Figs 2C-E, 3C-D). Copulatory opening large, bilaterally situated. Membranous "window" large and transverse (Prószyński 2003 1480m, 07°08'45"N, 80°41'53"E, beating, 22 June 2016, leg. N. Athukorala andS. Ranasinghe (IFS_SAL_827).
Other material examined. 1 male; same locality and collection data as in holotype (IFS_SAL_828).
Etymology. The species name is dedicated to Scotsman Thomas (Tommy) Lipton who was pioneer tea merchant in Sri Lanka.
Description. Male (holotype): In alcohol preserved specimen, prosoma blackish brown, longer than wide (Fig. 1A). Dark brown bristles near front eyes. Ocular region dark and slightly elevated. Eye field short and wide occupying about one-third length of prosoma. Median ocular quadrangle broader than long. Fovea short, distinct. Round and middle depression around fovea behind PLEs. Chelicerae blackish brown with yellowish brown fangs in ethanol preserved specimens (Fig. 1A). Sternum oval shaped with dispersed black colored spots at the edges (Fig. 1B). White and brown hairs sparsely dispersed on lateral prosoma. Lateral and posterior sides of prosoma steeper. Posterior margin of prosoma slightly truncated (Fig. 1A). All legs with yellow and black banding pattern. Femora III much longer than femora IV. Abdomen oval shaped, smaller and narrower than prosoma. Dorsum blackish brown with pale greyish brown stripes and dots (Fig. 1A). Ventrum pale yellowish brown with dark grey blotches and dots. Spinnerets yellowish brown ( Female (paratype): All characters as in male, except the following: posterior border of prosoma black and slightly truncated than in male and abdomen is longer than prosoma ( Fig. 2A).
Epigyne with small, epigynal pocket with rather deep notch at posterior edge near epigastric furrow (Figs 2C-E, 3C-D). Membranous "window" large, rounded bilaterally arranged at the posterolateral epigynum. Copulatory ducts inconspicuous. Moderately sclerotized multi-chambered spermathecae with thick walls (Figs 2D-E, 3D). Accessory glands absent. Fertilization ducts narrow, originating from top of spermathecae (Figs 2E, 3D). Measurements: TL 4.14, PL 2.00, PW 1.32, AL 2.18, AW 1.44.   Remarks. S. lesserti was described based on Indian material only (Reimoser 1934). When the species was redescribed a male from Sri Lanka was incorporated in to the redescription with the species purported to be newly recorded from the island (Wesołowska 2014a). This error was repeated in Logunov and Azarkina (2018) albeit with a remark that raised some doubt on the matching of sexes by the previous authors. This is all in spite of clear diagnosable differences in palps of males from India and Sri Lanka; see illustrations in Wesołowska (2014a) and here.
Paratype. One female, same locality and collection data as in holotype (IFS_SAL_308).
Other material examined. 4 females, same locality and collection data as in type material (IFS_SAL_309-312); 1 male, 2 females, same locality and collection data as in type material, 20 Etymology. This species is name in honor of our colleague and collector of the type material Ilesha Sandunika Ileperuma Arachchi.
Description. Male (holotype): Medium sized spiders. In life prosoma black, broadest posteriorly. Two longitudinal white stripe behind PLEs and white blotches at the lateral prosoma (Figs 4A-D). Ocular field slightly elevated and covered with white and pale brown bristles. Clypeus red, covered with dense light grey bristles. Eyes surrounded with reddish brown rings (Fig. 4D). Sternum oval (Fig. 5B). In Leg I, ventral sides of trochanter, femur covered with red blotches (Fig. 4D). Other legs pale brown with black banding patterns. Abdomen shieldshaped, dorsum pale brown adorned with black blotches and three white spots at the posterior abdomen (Figs 4A-C). Anterior border of abdomen with dense row of pale yellow long bristles (Figs 4A-C). Ventrum black from epigastric furrow to spinnerets in alcohol preserved specimens (Fig. 5B). Spinnerets black, dispersed with white hairs. Palp densely covered with white bristles (Figs 4B, D). Bulbus oval with triangular, posterior retrolateral apophysis and bulbus entirely covered by bag-like tegulum with anterior transversal fringe of long bristles and there is a crest covered with stiff setae (       Description. Small ground dwelling jumping spiders. Abdomen smaller and narrower than prosoma (Żabka 1988). The bulb is modified with much elongated proximal bulbus with three terminal mounds ( Remarks. Type material not examined. The illustration in Zabka (1988) was good enough to unambiguously identify our material.
Diagnosis. This species similar to T. fabus sp. nov. in genital structure, however it can be distinguishable by the presences of a comparably longer and curved embolus, end of posterior lobe with two unequal sized mounds (in ventral view) in males (Figs 9D-E, 12A-B) and comparably smaller epigynal pocket, large window-like, bilaterally arranged openings in females (Figs 10C-D, 11A-B).
Description. Male: In life prosoma high, pale brown adorned with orangish brown, black and pale white blotches (Figs 8A-D). Ocular field highly elevated and adorned with yellowish grey bristles. Ocular quadrangle square-shaped. Clypeus orangish brown with brown, long hairs and bristles (Figs 8A-D). Vicinity of eyes blackish brown, remaining part light brown (Żabka 1988). Chelicerae blackish brown with yellowish brown fangs in ethanol preserved specimens (Fig. 10A). Fovea distinct. Sternum oval with dispersed black colored spots (Fig. 10B). Whitish grey hairs sparsely dispersed on lateral prosoma. Lateral and posterior sides of prosoma much steeper. Posterior margin of prosoma slightly truncated. All legs with pale white, yellow and black banding pattern. Abdomen oval, greyish brown decorated with pale yellow dots and streaks, posteriorly bigger spots and chevrons on the middle (Figs 8A-D). Venter grey with black markings (Fig. 10B). Spinnerets yellowish grey. Yellowish brown palp. Bulbus with much elongated posterior lobe and its apex with three unequal sized mounds (Żabka 1988). Apical bulbus narrow and longitudinal, narrow cleft at the anterior bulbus (Figs 9D-E, 12A-B). Embolus long and thin originating from basal tegulum and then partially encircling bulbus with curved terminal tip (Figs 9D,  12A). RTA stout and short (Figs 9D-E, 12A-B). Patella with two broad ventral and ventro-lateral apophysis (Figs 9D-E, 12A-B). Part of sperm duct clearly visible at the distal tegulum. Measurements: TL 3.40, PL 1.90, PW at PLEs 1.35, AL 1.50, AW 1.00.
Paratype. One female, same locality and collection data as in the holotype except 24-26 May 2016, leg. N Athukorala et al. (IFS_SAL_752).
Other material examined. 1 male, same locality and collection data as in the holotype (IFS_SAL_160); 2 females, same locality and collection data as in paratype (IFS_SAL_1233-1234).      Etymology. The species name is an arbitrary combination of letters. Used as a noun in apposition.
Diagnosis. This species is closely related to T. munnaricus in genital structure, however it can be distinguished from it by having comparably shorter and slightly bent embolus, posterior lobe with two equal sized mounds (in ventral view) in males (Figs 12C-D, 14C-E) and comparably larger epigynal pocket, bracket-like bilaterally arranged openings in females (Figs 10H-I, 11C-D).

Description. Male (holotype):
In life prosoma high, brownish black, interspersed with white bristles and two rows of dense bristles on lateral sides (Figs 13A-D). Ocular field black and highly elevated. Black clypeus with brownish black hairs (Figs 13B, D). Anterior row of eyes covered with white bristles. Anterior and posterior halves of AMEs bordered with orange and white bristles respectively (Figs 13B, D). Chelicerae brown with yellowish brown fangs in ethanol preserved specimen (Fig.14A). Fovea distinct. Oval sternum with dispersed black colored spots (Fig.14B). Lateral and posterior prosoma much steeper. Posterior border of prosoma slightly truncated. All legs with pale brown and black banding pattern. Abdomen oval, brownish black, dispersed with white bristles as in prosoma (Figs 13A,C). Ventrum grey with black markings (Fig.14B). Spinnerets black. Palp densely covered with long, white bristles. Bulbus with much elongated posterior lobe and its apex with three equal sized mounds (Figs 12C-D, 14C-E). There is a longitudinal cleft at the anterior bulbus resulting long, narrow and oval, blunted apical portions of bulbus (Figs 12C,14D). Comparably shorter embolus originating from basal tegulum and then partially encircling bulbus with slightly curved tip (Figs 12C, 14D). RTA stout, short with a pointed tip (Figs 12D, 14E). Patella with two broad ventral and ventro-lateral apophyses (Figs 12C-D, 14C-E). Partial sperm duct clearly visible at the distal tegulum. Measurements: TL 4.50, PL 2.40, PW at PLEs 1.85, AL 1.75, AW 1.30.