DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.204851

Authors: Marcelo Domingos de Santis, Alexssandro Camargo

Abstract: A new species of the Neotropical genus Prophorostoma Townsend, 1927 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Dexiinae) is described based on specimens collected by the famed Austrian naturalist Johann Natterer during his expedition to Brazil (1817–1835) and housed at the Natural History Museum Vienna (NHMW). Prophorostoma nattereri sp. nov. is the first Dexiinae species to be identified among Natterer’s vast Brazilian collections. The remarkable history of the specimens, which survived over 200 years after being collected in Brazil, is highlighted to emphasize the unique scientific value of historical museum collections. Illustrations of the holotype and an updated identification key for Prophorostoma species are included.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.206974

Authors: Yoan Camilo Guzman Sarmiento, Dagmara Żyła

Abstract: We revise the Neotropical paederine genera Lypeticus Sharp, 1886 and Leiporaphes Bernhauer, 1912, the latter being a monotypic genus. Examination of the type material demonstrates that Leiporaphes is congeneric with Lypeticus and is therefore placed in synonymy with the latter, resulting in the new combination Lypeticus attarum (Bernhauer, 1912), comb. nov. The revision includes redescriptions of all previously known species, the description of three new species, Lypeticus nori sp. nov., L. paraguayensis sp. nov., and L. plaumanni sp. nov., and an identification key. We also report the first records of the genus from Bolivia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Paraguay, considerably expanding its known distribution in the Neotropical region. In addition, we provide a revised generic diagnosis, detailed morphological documentation, including male genital and thoracic characters, and new distributional and habitat data that facilitate the identification of species and improve our understanding of the diversity and distribution of this uncommon genus.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.199967

Authors: Bernhard Hausdorf, Marijn T. Roosen, Elicio Tapia

Abstract: Three new species of the genus Habeastrum (Gastropoda, Diplommatinidae), which was known only from Brazil until now, are described from the eastern slope of the Andes in Ecuador. Habeastrum striolatum Hausdorf & Tapia, sp. nov. from Pastaza province is characterised by a minute, elongated conical shell with dense riblets. Habeastrum tayos Hausdorf, Roosen & Tapia, sp. nov. from Pastaza, Morona-Santiago, and Napo provinces is characterised by an elongated conical, coarsely ribbed shell. Habeastrum decussatum Hausdorf & Tapia, sp. nov. from Sucumbios province is characterised by a wide, elongated conical shell with fine ribs crossed by spiral lines.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.204098

Authors: Edilson Caron, Lígia Maria Saback Moreira Dornellas, Pedro Giovâni da Silva, Augusto Sarreiro Auler, Fernando Willyan Trevisan Leivas

Abstract: Beetles are recognized for their ability to inhabit a wide range of environments, including subterranean habitats, where they have achieved notable ecological success. In Brazil, research on beetle fauna has increased substantially, however this trend does not extend to cave-dwelling species. Staphyliniform beetles are no exception, and current knowledge of their subterranean representatives remains limited. To address this gap, the present study describes two new taxa from the same Brazilian cave. One of these is a new species of Plagiogramma Tarsia in Curia, 1935 (Histeridae, Tribalinae), while the second taxon is the second species of the genus Tavakilianidia Orousset, 1985 (Staphylinidae, Osoriinae). For both taxa, this study represents the first record of these genera in cave environments and, for Tavakilianidia, the first record in Brazil. Plagiogramma unicum Leivas, sp. nov., resembles P. amplistria Kovarik & Dégallier, 2021, but differs in its smaller size, light brown coloration, body dorsally and ventrally finely and sparsely punctate, reduced eyes, fronto-clypeal region strongly concave, a carinal striae of the prosternal keel that divergent anteriorly and subparallel posteriorly, and an indistinct median metaventral suture. Tavakilianidia flava Caron, sp. nov. differs from T. anophtalma Orousset, 1985 in having a lighter body, antennomeres 4–6 not pedicellate, and a perfectly globose spermatheca. These findings increase the known diversity of these previously neglected beetle groups in Brazil and provide new insights into the biology of their genera.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.196576

Authors: Nadine Dupérré, Elicio Tapia, David Salazar-Valenzuela

Abstract: A review of specimens from the subfamily Theraphosinae in Ecuador resulted in the identification of five new species across three genera; from the genus Romopelma Peñaherrera-R et al., 2024, Romopelma chirapa sp. nov. (♂♀); from the genus Homoeomma, Homoeomma josti sp. nov. (♂♀). The female of Romopelma barrigae Peñaherrera-R et al., 2024, the type species of the genus, is described for the first time. The proposed synonymy of Homoeomma strabo (Simon, 1892) from Colombia with H. familiare Bertkau, 1880, from Brazil, is rejected. Additionally, one new genus is established, and three species are described: Yunka gen. nov., Y. suenos sp. nov. (♂♀), Y. guasaganda sp. nov. (♂♀), and Y. baboso sp. nov. (♂♀). SEM images of palpal bulb, and urticating setae are presented, and morphological nomenclature of palpal bulb keels is updated.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.185722

Authors: Menno Reemer, Ximo Mengual

Abstract: A new species of Ubristes Walker, 1852, U. mirabilissimus sp. nov., is described from the Napo Province in the Amazonian part of Ecuador. A key is given to distinguish this species from the other four known species in this genus. Moreover, DNA barcodes were obtained, which constitute the first molecular data for the genus Ubristes.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.172168

Authors: Fiorella Signorotto, Nelson Ferretti

Abstract: A new species of Pycnothelidae Chamberlin, 1917 from the Pampean mountain ranges, Córdoba, Argentina is described and illustrated: Acanthogonatus monicae sp. nov. Here, we combine morphological analyses, molecular phylogeny based on the COI gene, species delimitation methods (bPTP, ABGD), and ecological niche modeling. These approaches consistently support two independent evolutionary lineages previously assigned to A. centralis Goloboff, 1995. The new species is morphologically similar to A. centralis and A. parana Goloboff, 1995, but differs from both by genitalic characters in males and females. Additionally, an updated identification key for Argentine species of Acanthogonatus is provided.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.9.148522

Authors: Germán Chávez, Wilmar Aznaran, Ivan Wong, Karen Y. Victoriano-Cigüeñas, Luis A. García-Ayachi, Juan D. Valencia-Málaga, Jesús R. Ormeño, Michael Gulman, Ronal Sumiano-Mejía, Michelle E. Thompson, Alessandro Catenazzi

Abstract: We describe three new species of Pristimantis frogs from northwestern Peru on the basis of morphological and genetic differences. Pristimantis chinguelas sp. nov. is similar in appearance to P. wagteri but it differs by having a longer supratympanic fold, head rounded in profile, groins and posterior surfaces of thighs in a different color pattern. Pristimantis nunezcortezi sp. nov. may be confused with P. cryptomelas, but it is differentiable by having heels with a single low tubercle, skin on flanks areolate, and by lacking prominent postorbital ridges. Pristimantis yonke sp. nov. is externally similar to P. morlaco from Ecuador, but can be distinguished by being smaller, having an acuminate snout, oval palmar tubercle and lacking dentigerous processes of vomers. All species inhabit the paramos and adjacent elfin forests of the mountain ridges north of Abra de Porcuya, the lowest east-west pass in the Peruvian Andes. Despite habitat loss being evident in the area, we do not have enough data to assess their conservation status. We suggest all the new species should be placed in the Data Deficient category of the IUCN Red List.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.9.153695

Authors: João Marcelo S. Abreu, Wellington Silva Pedroza, Osvaldo T. Oyakawa, Solange de Araújo Melo, Ligia Tchaicka, Nivaldo Magalhães Piorski

Abstract: A new species of Hoplias malabaricus species complex is herein described from the Munim River Basin, Maranhão state, Northeastern of Brazil. Hoplias cazumba differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: 19–22 scales around caudal peduncle, 40–42 lateral-line scales, 39–41 vertebrae, 11–13 dorsal-fin rays and, always 15 caudal-fin rays.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.9.146107

Authors: Roberto Leonan M. Novaes, Vinícius C. Cláudio, Natasha A. Bertocchi, Edson F. Abreu, Don E. Wilson, Jesús E. Maldonado, Ricardo Moratelli

Abstract: Myotis attenboroughi was recently described based on specimens from Tobago Island and considered an endemic species until now. Based on morphological and molecular data, we extended its occurrence to Grenada and Suriname. The presence of M. attenboroughi in Grenada, Tobago and mainland South America can be explained by the intermittent connections between these islands and the continent during the Plio-Pleistocene glaciations. However, our analyses recovered an Myotis individual from Grenada phylogenetically related to Myotis nyctor from Barbados, although it is morphologically like the other specimens of M. attenboroughi, revealing a surprising incongruence between genotype and phenotype. Barbados is a geologically recent island and historically unconnected with other Caribbean islands or with South America. We hypothesized that the invasion of the M. nyctor lineage from Barbados to Grenada was the result of an extreme overwater dispersal, perhaps driven by wind streams during tropical storms. Subsequently, introgression of lineages may have occurred through hybridization, which can explain the discordance between the phenotype (like M. attenboroughi) and the genotype (like M. nyctor) of this specimen. Additional comments on the formation of the Caribbean Myotis assemblage are presented from the perspective of new evolutionary discoveries for this genus.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.9.143758

Authors: Hector Baruch Pereira Schinelli, André Wanderley do Prado, Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista, Daniela Maeda Takiya

Abstract: Gephyrellula Strand, 1932 is a genus of small flat pale spiders from the running crab spider family Philodromidae, which currently includes the type-species Gephyrellula violacea (Mello-Leitão, 1918), and the recently described G. lavidabonita Galvis et al., 2024. The genus has appeared in phylogenetic analyses as a member of the subfamily Philodrominae, but there are conflicting hypotheses regarding its closest relatives. One analysis placed Gephyrellula among the Hawaiian genera Pedinopistha Karsch, 1880 and Pagiopalus Simon, 1900, whereas the other placed it among species of Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826. To further investigate the topic, we conducted new phylogenetic analyses using four molecular markers and including two terminals of Gephyrellula. The resulting trees support the division of the family into two subfamilies Thanatinae and Philodrominae, with Gephyrellula as a member of the latter. Our results place Gephyrellula neither as a member of the Hawaiian clade nor among the genus Philodromus, but instead as a separated lineage. In addition to the phylogenetic analysis, we describe a new species of the genus named Gephyrellula condeuba sp. nov., and provide new records of G. violacea, expanding the known distribution of the genus.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.8.129984

Authors: Henrique C. Costa

Abstract: For almost 60 years, a specimen of Amphisbaena collected in the 19th century by the Danish zoologist Johannes Theodor Reinhardt in southeastern Brazil has been identified as Amphisbaena prunicolor. Here I present a reidentification of this specimen (NHMD R4448) as A. hogei, together with a review of known records of this small worm lizard species, endemic to Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This represents the first record of A. hogei for the state of Minas Gerais. Most known records of A. hogei are based on specimens collected more than half a century ago and urbanization could have led to local extinction in some localities, triggering an alert regarding its conservation status.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.8.141847

Authors: Gabriel Wermelinger-Moreira, Pedro de Souza Castanheira, Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista

Abstract: A new species of Harmonicon F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896, is described from the Cerrado biome in Central-West Brazil, representing the first non-Amazonian and the southernmost record for the genus. Furthermore, we present a new diagnosis of the genus, expanding its original diagnosis, and redescribe its type species, Harmonicon rufescens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896, based on an adult female specimen from the same biogeographical area of its type locality.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.8.126393

Authors: Wilson J. E. M. Costa, Caio R. M. Feltrin, José Leonardo O. Mattos, Axel M. Katz

Abstract: Mountainous regions typically host a great diversity of small-ranged species, often contributing for delineating world biodiversity hotspots. Species of trichomycterine catfishes have been recorded for several high-altitude areas of tropical South America, but field inventories in top mountains of southern Brazil are still rare. Here we report four new small-ranged species collected in streams of the Rio Iguaçu at Serra do Espigão (RISE) in altitudes between about 970 and 1020 m asl, one in the eastern portion of RISE and three in the western portion. A molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that these species belong to the Cambeva beta-clade, which comprises all species endemic to the Rio Iguaçu drainage, but together not forming a monophyletic group. The analysis also indicated that species endemic to high altitudes are variably related to species from lower altitudes. The only eastern RISE species appears in a basal position of a well-supported clade (Cambeva beta1-clade), with the western RISE species appearing in a subclade of the Cambeva beta1-clade with species occurring in a vast area of southern Brazil. New species are diagnosed by combinations of morphological character states, including meristic, colouration, latero-sensory system, and osteological data.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.8.124213

Authors: Santiago Jaume-Schinkel

Abstract: The genus Armillipora Quate is recorded for the first time in Brazil and Venezuela, based on the description of Armillipora bifida sp. nov. Additionally, a second new species, Armillipora nawak sp. nov., is described from Costa Rica. Detailed illustrations and photographs of the new species are provided. Based on these findings and the existing knowledge of the genus, two species groups are proposed within Armillipora. Furthermore, the identification key to the males of the genus is updated.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.8.124285

Authors: Niko Kasalo, Martin Husemann, Thomas van de Kamp, Josip Skejo

Abstract: Lophotettiginae Hancock, 1909, endemic to the Neotropics, is one of the most ill-known subfamilies of Tetrigidae. Until now, there have not been any hypothesis on its relationship with other subfamilies. Lophotettiginae comprise only two genera, Lophotettix Hancock, 1909 and Phelene Bolívar, 1906, both with an arduous taxonomic history. Here, we describe a new species, Phelene reinschmidti from Ecuador, and compare it with its congeners: P. turgida from Peru and P. maroon from French Guiana. We found the subfamily Lophotettiginae to most closely resemble the Neotropical subfamily Metrodorinae, meaning that the two are likely related. We also provide a 3D scan of the holotype, a first for Tetrigidae. The 3D model contains all the important taxonomic characters and much more data could be extracted in the future using artificial intelligence-assisted approaches.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.8.118855

Authors: Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig, Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz, Zane Libke, Patricio Vinueza, Julio C. Carrión-Olmedo

Abstract: Continuous field work on mountains in the upper Pastaza watershed, showed an unexpected cryptic diversity in the recently described Pristimantis anaiae species group. Based on molecular and morphological characters we describe a new frog species from the central region of the eastern Ecuadorian Andes. We present an updated phylogeny for the Pristimantis anaiae species group, based on widely used, ubiquitous, and available genes, three mitochondrial genes (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, ND1) and RAG1 nuclear gene. Our phylogenetic hypothesis increases genetic diversity of the species group and shows two well-supported subclades. We show the relationships of the new species and include for the first time Pristimantis maryanneae, belonging to a clade related to P. resistencia + P. glendae. Our phylogeny shows that new species, from Cerro Candelaria, is more closely related to P. kunam from Sangay National Park and differs from it by having a less conspicuous dorsolateral row of enlarged tubercles, and sacral oval marks surrounded by thin white pale lines. The new species and two additional undescribed species occur on the south side of the Rio Pastaza Valley, at Cerro Candelaria within the Llanganates – Sangay Ecological Corridor, reflecting the high importance of this area for conservation and understanding of evolution processes in the area, suggesting a probably adaptive radiation zone for the P. anaiae species group.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.8.114527

Authors: Alejandro Arteaga, R. Alexander Pyron, Abel Batista, Jose Vieira, Elson Meneses Pelayo, Eric N. Smith, César L. Barrio Amorós, Claudia Koch, Stefanie Agne, Jorge H. Valencia, Lucas Bustamante, Kyle J. Harris

Abstract: We present a taxonomic review and systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Berthold, 1846) based on examination of 400 museum specimens, a phylogeographic analysis of 818 locality records, and 80 individuals sampled for molecular characters. We find morphological and phylogenetic support for five new species of Bothriechis Peters, 1859, which we describe here based on their unique combination of molecular, meristic, hemipenial, and color pattern characteristics. They are: B. klebbai sp. nov., B. rasikusumorum sp. nov., B. khwargi sp. nov., B. rahimi sp. nov., and B. hussaini sp. nov. Finally, we revalidate the names B. nigroadspersus (Steindachner, 1870), B. nitidus (Günther, 1859), and B. torvus (Posada Arango, 1889a), and provide a redescription of B. schlegelii.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.8.107213

Authors: Nadine Dupérré, Danilo Harms, Verónica Crespo-Pérez, Elicio Tapia

Abstract: Two new species of the spider genus Loxosceles (Araneae: Sicariidae) from the Ecuadorian Andes are described: Loxosceles guayllabamba sp. nov. (male, female) and Loxosceles binfordae sp. nov. (male, female). Both species are part of the second most speciose “laeta” group, which include twenty-four described species. Only three species are known to occur on mainland Ecuador, and one species in the Galapagos. The synonymy of L. alicea under L. rufescens is rejected, detailed SEM of the female internal genitalia and a map of all the species from mainland Ecuador are presented.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476

Authors: Alejandro Arteaga, Kyle J. Harris

Abstract: We describe a new species of Ninia Baird & Girard, 1853 endemic to the cloud forests of northwestern Ecuador. The new species has previously been confused with N. atrata (Hallowell, 1845) and N. teresitae (Angarita-Sierra and Lynch 2017) but is genetically most closely related to a third species of Ninia endemic to the Chocoan–Tumbesian transition area of western Ecuador. We revalidate the name N. schmidti (Jan, 1862), designate a neotype, and provide a diagnosis of the taxon and a description of its hemipenial morphology based on new material. The new and revalidated species can easily be identified from one another and from other trans-Andean South American Ninia based on ventral and subcaudal scale counts, hemipenial morphology, and coloration of the supralabials, throat, and belly. Finally, we remove N. atrata from the herpetofaunal list of Ecuador.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.7.102578

Authors: Paulo R. Melo-Sampaio, Pablo J. Venegas

Abstract: Based on an exhaustive revision of external morphological characters we describe a new species of Atractus from the humid montane forest of the Andes of northern Peru, Cajamarca department, occurring at elevations of 1641 to 2161 m. This new species was misidentified as A. gigas in the literature and for more than a decade represented the southernmost record of the that species. In the absence of molecular data and limited by a small sample, we use some underreported characters in the genus Atractus such as the presence of apical pits. Thus, the combination of apical pits as well as other characters mentioned in the literature (i.e., head scutellation and number of subcaudals) distinguishes the Peruvian population from A. gigas, and strongly supports the morphological separation of this taxon from the rest of its congeners.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.7.102360

Authors: Pablo J. Venegas, Luis A. García-Ayachi, Eduardo Toral, José Malqui, Santiago R. Ron

Abstract: We describe a new species of Osteocephalus Fitzinger, 1843 using morphological traits of adult frogs and its larvae, as well as molecular evidence. The new species occurs in the premontane forest of the Cordillera del Yanachaga in the Andes of central Peru, at elevations between 1000 and 1150 m a.s.l. It belongs to the Osteocephalus mimeticus species group and is the sister species of O. mimeticus. It is most similar to three species with predominantly dark irises, tuberculate dorsal skin, and brown dorsal coloration: O. festae Peracca, 1904, O. mimeticus Melin, 1941, and O. verruciger Werner, 1901. Of these three species, the most similar is O. mimeticus. However, the new species can be easily distinguished from O. mimeticus by having a cream or creamy-tan venter with a well-defined pattern of brown chocolate blotches and flecks (venter cream, tan, or brown without marks in O. mimeticus). The tadpoles of O. vasquezi sp. nov. are strikingly different from the tadpoles of O. mimeticus by having a larger oral disk with nine lower labial tooth rows (only six in O. mimeticus). Tadpoles of the new species and those of O. festae are unique among Osteocephalus by belonging to the suctorial ecomorphological guild as shown by their large oral disks. Our time tree suggest that the new species diverged from its sister species at the beginning of the Pleistocene, ~2.5 million years ago.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.7.102950

Authors: Jörn Köhler, Pablo J. Venegas, Ernesto Castillo-Urbina, Frank Glaw, César Aguilar-Puntriano, Miguel Vences

Abstract: We studied the taxonomic status of glassfrogs collected in Departamento Huánuco, central Peru, which in the field were tentatively allocated to Chimerella, one of the twelve genera currently recognized in the family Centrolenidae. Detailed analyses of their morphology, bioacoustics, and molecular genetics supported their generic allocation and provided evidence for them representing a divergent and unnamed evolutionary lineage within Chimerella. We herein describe this lineage as a new species, being mainly distinguished from the two other known congeners, C. corleone and C. mariaelenae, by details of colouration in life and preservative, substantial differences in advertisement call, and differentiation in mitochondrial markers (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome b) and a nuclear-encoded marker (Rag-1). The new species is the southernmost distributed species in the genus and was found in a swampy habitat at the bank of the Río Patay Rondos, a tributary of the Río Monzon, in rainforest at the Andean-Amazon foothills at 798 m above sea level. Aspects of species delimitation within Chimerella and related future research are briefly addressed and discussed.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.7.100968

Authors: Pablo M. Dellapé, María C. Melo

Abstract: The new monotypic genus Malleusocoris is described to accommodate the new species M. minimus sp. nov. from Argentina and Brazil. Its relationship with other genera of the tribe Myodochini (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) is discussed. Moreover, the taxonomic allocation of Ptochiomera chilensis Spinola, 1852 and Plociomera annulicollis Berg, 1894 are discussed. Ptochiomera chilensis Spinola, 1852 is considered a junior synonym of Bergidia polychroma (Spinola, 1852) (Ozophorini); and Plociomera annulicollis Berg, 1894 is transferred to the genus Neopamera Harrington, 1980.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418

Authors: Pedro de Souza Castanheira, Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista, Francisca Sâmia Martins Oliveira

Abstract: Five new species in the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 are described from South America: Tetragnatha amazonica sp. nov. (Venezuela); T. cristata sp. nov. (Argentina and Brazil); T. didorata sp. nov. (Brazil); T. oncognatha sp. nov. (Brazil); and T. pradoi sp. nov. (Argentina and Brazil). A key to the 21 species of Tetragnatha from Argentina and Brazil is provided, completing the revision of the genus for these countries. The female of T. cladognatha Bertkau, 1880 is redescribed and a neotype is proposed, and its male is described for the first time. Additionally, we update the taxonomic status of the following six South American species: Tetragnatha labialis Nicolet, 1849 and T. americana Simon, 1896 are considered new junior synonymies of T. nitens (Audouin, 1826); and Tetragnatha bishopi Caporiacco, 1947, T. linearis Nicolet, 1849, T. similis Nicolet, 1849 and T. sternalis Nicolet, 1849 are proposed as nomina dubia due to missing or juvenile type-material.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.6.78123

Authors: Andrés F. García, Daniela Ahumada-C.

Abstract: Barinas guanenta sp. nov. is described from a cave in Santander, central Andes of Colombia. The new species is recognized by the pedipalps and chelicerae entirely pale yellow and without variegated pattern, the areas I-IV with variegated coloration pattern and the straight stylus of the penis. The monotypic genus Vimina González-Sponga, 1987 is synonymized with Barinas, resulting in Barinas virginis (González-Sponga, 1987) comb. nov. New records of Barinas piragua Ahumada-C. & García, 2020 in La Guajira, Northern Colombia, are given. A key for the species of Barinas is given together with an updated distribution map.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.68520

Authors: Lourdes Y. Echevarría, Pablo J. Venegas, Luis A. García-Ayachi, Pedro M. Sales Nunes

Abstract: We describe a new species of Selvasaura from the montane forests of the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Peru, based on external and hemipenial morphological characters and previous phylogenetic analyses. The new species can be differentiated from the other two Selvasaura species in having keeled dorsal scales usually flanked by longitudinal striations, in adults and juveniles; adult males with a yellow vertebral stripe bordered by broad dark brown stripes on each side and a unilobed hemipenis surrounded by the branches of the sulcus spermaticus. The description of the new species contributes information about new states of diagnostic characters of Selvasaura and natural history.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.60626

Authors: Robert C. Jadin, Michael J. Jowers, Sarah A. Orlofske, William E. Duellman, Christopher Blair, John C. Murphy

Abstract: The Brown Vine Snake, Oxybelis aeneus, was until recently considered a single species, distributed from southern Arizona through the Neotropics into southeastern Brazil. However, newly conducted research restructured the species with a substantial taxonomic revision, recognizing five additional taxa (i.e. O. koehleri, O. microphthalmus, O. potosiensis, O. rutherfordi, O. vittatus) in this species complex. This revision focused on populations in North America, Central America, and northern South America while neglecting the southern portion of its distribution. Here, we examine the taxonomic history of the complex and use it along with specimen data to resurrect O. acuminatus from southeastern Brazil. Finally, we describe a new species from the Peruvian Amazon based on morphological characters. This work increases the species diversity of the O. aeneus complex to eight, and we expect further increases in biodiversity discoveries with continued exploration of the New World vine snakes.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.2.28059

Authors: Henrique C. Costa, Luke J. Welton, Jakob Hallermann

Abstract: Amphisbaena slateri is a rare species of worm lizard from Peru and Bolivia, known only from three specimens. We found two additional specimens of this taxon, housed at the herpetological collections of the Zoological Museum (Cenak), Universität Hamburg, and the University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute, updating its known geographic distribution and morphological variation. We also discovered an unpublished manuscript by late Carl Gans reporting the finding of the Hamburg specimen, which we reproduce here with the permission of his family. Amphisbaena slateri can be identified by a combination of characters including counts of annuli, segments, and pores, the shape of head scales and color pattern. Basic morphological data is given for all species of Amphisbaenia known for Bolivia and Peru to aid in the identification of specimens from those countries.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.2.24122

Authors: Nadine Dupérré, Danilo Harms

Abstract: In this paper, we are redescribing type material from the Zoological Museum in Hamburg that was thought to be lost. These specimens were described in 1902 by Eugène Simon from material collected in Southern Patagonia and Fireland but the species were subsequently considered nomina dubia, or simply not considered at all. The rediscovery of this material leads to the revalidation of two genera and four species. The genera Clitistes and Zilephus are reinstated and the species Clitistes velutinus Simon, 1902 (Dictynidae), Zilephus granulosus Simon, 1902, Minyriolus australis Simon, 1902 (both Linyphiidae), and Lycosa michaelseni Simon, 1902 (Lycosidae) are redescribed. To avoid further confusion, we designate lectotypes for: Linyphiidae: Minyriolus australis Simon, 1902, Gongylidiellum uschuaiense Simon, 1902, Neriene fuegiana Simon, 1902, Clitistes velutinus Simon, 1902, Zilephus granulosus Simon, 1902; Amphinectidae: Rubrius radulifer Simon, 1902; Hahniidae: Hahnia michaelseni Simon, 1902, Bigois antarctica Simon, 1902 and Lycosidae: Lycosa michaelseni Simon, 1902. For all prior nomina dubia and newly designated lectotypes, the type specimens are re-described and properly illustrated for the first time.

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DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.1.14969

Authors: Nadine Dupérré, Elicio Tapia

Abstract: The goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae) of the Otonga Nature Reserve in the Chocó region of Ecuador are reviewed. A total of 1034 adult specimens were collected in 2014 and 23 morphospecies in eight different genera were identified from these collections. We describe seven new species: one in the genus Niarchos Platnick & Dupérré: Niarchos normani sp. n.; three in Scaphidysderina Platnick & Dupérré: Scaphidysderina chirin sp. n., S. lubanako sp. n., S. tsaran sp. n.; two in Bipoonops Bolzern: Bipoonops lansa sp. n., B. pilan sp. n.; and one in Reductoonops Platnick & Berniker: Reductoonops berun sp. n. The males of Niarchos baehrae Platnick & Dupérré, 2010 and Orchestina yanayacu Izquierdo, 2017 are described here for the first time. Natural history and collecting data are given for all morphospecies collected, including Niarchos barragani Platnick & Dupérré, 2010, Scaphidysderina cotopaxi Platnick & Dupérré, 2011, Scaphidysderina pinocchio Platnick & Dupérré, 2011, Orchestina otonga Izquierdo, 2017, Orchestina santodomingo Izquierdo, 2017, Orchestina truncata Wunderlich, 2004, Reductoonops otonga Platnick & Berniker, 2014, Reductoonops pichincha Platnick & Berniker, 2014, Paradysderina fusiscuta Platnick & Dupérré, 2011, Scaphiella pich Platnick & Dupérré, 2010 and Tinadyserina otonga Platnick et al., 2013. The data show that oonopid spiders are a major element of the arachnofauna present in the Chocó neotropical forests.

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